![]() High blood pressure, diet, and weight. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE OVERVIEWHypertension (high blood pressure) is a common condition that can lead to serious complications if untreated. Making dietary changes and losing weight are effective treatments for reducing blood pressure. Other lifestyle changes that can help to reduce blood pressure include stopping smoking, reducing stress, reducing alcohol consumption, and exercising regularly. These changes are effective when used alone, but often have the greatest benefit when used together. An overview of hypertension and a discussion of treatments can be found elsewhere (see . More detailed information is available by subscription. Reducing the amount of sodium you consume can lower blood pressure if you have high or borderline high blood pressure. However, most people consume more sodium than they need. A low- sodium diet contains fewer than 2 grams (2,0. A detailed discussion of low- sodium diets is available separately.
![]() People who have more than two drinks per day have an increased risk of high blood pressure compared to nondrinkers; the risk is greatest when you drink more than five drinks per day. On the other hand, drinking one (for women) or two (for men) alcoholic beverages per day appears to benefit the heart in people greater than 4. This protective effect applies to people with preexisting high blood pressure. A strict vegetarian diet may not be necessary; eating more fruits and vegetables and low- fat dairy products may also lower blood pressure. The recommended amount of dietary fiber is 2. Many breakfast cereals are excellent sources of dietary fiber. More information about increasing fiber is available separately. Your Guide to Lowering Blood Pressure 2. Hypertension can almost alwaysbe prevented, so these steps are very important even if you do not have high blood pressure.![]() Drinking a moderate amount of caffeine (less than 2 cups of coffee per day) does not increase the risk of high blood pressure in most people (table 1). EXERCISERegular aerobic exercise (walking, running) for 2. To maintain this benefit, you must continue to exercise; stopping exercise will allow your blood pressure to become high again. The definition of overweight and obese are based upon a calculation called body mass index (BMI) (calculator 1 and calculator 2). You are said to be overweight if your BMI is greater than 2. BMI of 3. 0 or greater is said to be obese. ![]() ![]() ![]() People who are overweight or obese can benefit from losing weight. To lose weight you must eat less and exercise more. Medications for high blood pressure are discussed separately. Related topics for patients, as well as selected articles written for healthcare professionals, are also available. Some of the most relevant are listed below. Patient level information — Up. To. Date offers two types of patient education materials. ![]() The Basics — The Basics patient education pieces answer the four or five key questions a patient might have about a given condition. These articles are best for patients who want a general overview and who prefer short, easy- to- read materials. Patient education: High blood pressure in adults (The Basics)Patient education: Controlling your blood pressure through lifestyle (The Basics)Patient education: Diabetes and diet (The Basics)Patient education: Renovascular hypertension (The Basics)Patient education: High blood pressure emergencies (The Basics)Beyond the Basics — Beyond the Basics patient education pieces are longer, more sophisticated, and more detailed. These articles are best for patients who want in- depth information and are comfortable with some medical jargon. Patient education: High blood pressure in adults (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: High blood pressure treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: Low- sodium diet (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: Risks and benefits of alcohol (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: High- fiber diet (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: Exercise (Beyond the Basics)Patient education: Weight loss treatments (Beyond the Basics)Professional level information — Professional level articles are designed to keep doctors and other health professionals up- to- date on the latest medical findings. These articles are thorough, long, and complex, and they contain multiple references to the research upon which they are based. Professional level articles are best for people who are comfortable with a lot of medical terminology and who want to read the same materials their doctors are reading. Monitoring at home or work at regular times each day helps diagnose a patient with prehypertension or hypertension. Ambulatory and home blood pressure monitoring and white coat hypertension in adults. Can therapy be discontinued in well- controlled hypertension? Cardiovascular risks of hypertension. Choice of drug therapy in primary (essential) hypertension. Definition, risk factors, and evaluation of resistant hypertension. Diet in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. Hypertension: Who should be treated? Eating a heart-healthy diet is important for managing your blood pressure and reducing your risk of heart attack. ![]() Initial evaluation of the hypertensive adult. Overview of hypertension in adults. Patient adherence and the treatment of hypertension. Prehypertension. Renin- angiotensin system inhibition in the treatment of hypertension. Salt intake, salt restriction, and primary (essential) hypertension. Blood pressure measurement in the diagnosis and management of hypertension in adults. Treatment of hypertension in blacks. Antihypertensive therapy to prevent recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack. Treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus. Treatment of hypertension in patients with heart failure. Treatment of hypertension in the elderly patient, particularly isolated systolic hypertension. Treatment of resistant hypertension. What is goal blood pressure in the treatment of hypertension? Evaluation of secondary hypertension. The following organizations also provide reliable health information. Our peer review process typically takes one to six weeks depending on the issue.
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November 2017
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